Free Download - Adverbs for frequency 頻度の副詞

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頻度の副詞 Adverbs for frequency

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Do you believe VS Can you believe - Student question

Grammar point – 文法のポイント

One of my private students asked me....
"What's the difference between the phrases Do you believe and Can you believe?"

Do you believe…?  is a question. It's like saying... "Do you think something is true?"

Do you believe in ghosts?
Jim said he shot 2 holes in one playing golf last weekend! Do you believe him?

Can you believe… is often used as an expression when we hear shocking or unbelievable news.
Can you believe the boss said we can all leave early today! This is great!

Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are getting a divorce. Can you believe it!!!

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吉祥寺マンツーマン英会話

I emailed my friend - I sent an email to my friend

When email is used as a verb we don’t say “email to someone” 

"I have to email my boss." *Not email to my boss

"Hector emails his family in Peru every week."

When email is a noun and we use the verb send we need to. 

“I have to send an email to my boss.”

"Hector sends emails to his family in Peru every week."

Drop VS Fall ~ 落とす VS 落ちる

Compare:

I dropped my phone. 自分の携帯電話を落としました。

My phone fell. 私の電話が落ちました。

It fell in the sink!

My phone is about to fall! 
落ちそうだ!

few VS a few

few 少ない

There are few people in this cafe. (Not many people)

a few 二、三

I drank a few cups of coffee so now I'm wide awake. (I drank 2 or 3 cups of coffee)

wide awake - very awake, the opposite of sleepy

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We use the verb take with public transportation (公共交通)

We use the verb take with public transportation (公共交通)

I take a train to work.

I took the bus to Shibuya.

Mario took a taxi home on Friday night because he drank too much. He didn’t want to drive.

Past participle – 過去分詞

Past participle – 過去分詞

I haven’t driven for more than 20 years.

Past participle is a form of a verb, usually ending in -ed walked, played etc. that shows something that started in the past, but continues until now. Here are some irregular verbs with their 過去分詞.

present, past, past participle

be, was or were, been
sing, sang, sung
drink, drank, drunk
do, did, done
go, went, gone
make, made, made
find, found, found
talk, talked, talked
eat, ate, eaten
write, wrote, written
give, gave, given

"I was given this watch by my grandfather."

Now let’s practice the past participle by using the present perfect tense. It shows something that started in the past, but continues until now.

has/have (not) + past participle

Examples:

She has done her homework.

They have gone for a walk.

Roger hasn’t talked about school for 3 days. Is something wrong?

Jim hasn’t eaten anything today.

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English - Reported Speech pt.3 (間接話法)

Reported Speech pt.3

*Remember we also use this grammar when we explain something we heard from the TV news, Internet or read in the newspaper. Even if we read the information, we still use the verb said to report information. Look at these examples:

"The news last night said it was going to rain today."

"The I listened to the radio last night. It said it was going to rain today."

"I read the paper (newspaper) this morning at breakfast and it said it was going to rain today."

*I get most of my weather information from the Internet. 

"I looked at Yahoo weather last night for my area, it said it was going to rain today."

"The newspaper says that it will be sunny all week."

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English - Reported speech pt.2 (間接話法)

Reported speech pt.2

When we report what someone has told us remember that can becomes could and will becomes would.

For example:

Daniel: "I can meet you at 5:30." 

Daniel said he could meet us at 5:30.

Brenda: "I won't be in town next weekend."

She said she wouldn't be in town next weekend.

"Carrie said she couldn't come to the amusement park with us today. She doesn't feel well."

English - Reported Speech (間接話法)

Reporting what others have said:

There are two ways to talk about something that someone told us.

1. We can quote of the person.

Cheryl said "I'm busy."

or

2. We can change the verb tense and change the pronoun (I becomes he/she)

Cheryl said she was busy.

*#2 is the most natural way to use reported speech. It's the way I use almost every time!

Here are some more examples.

Mark said "I only have $20."

Mark said he only had 20 dollars.

Kevin said "I'm not worried about it."

Kevin said he wasn't worried about it.

Philip said "I'm going to leave."

Philip said he was going to leave.

"The research team said they weren't happy with the results of the test."

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There is VS There are

There is VS There are

The verb "To be" has many uses. One use is to show that something exists or doesn't exist. Today let's look at There is VS There are

We use There is with singular nouns (only 1 単数)
"There is a new shopping mall on Main street." *Shopping mall is a singular noun. (1 mall)

We use There are with plural nouns (more than 1 複数)
"There are many stores in the mall." *Stores is a plural noun. (many stores)

Singular examples:
"There is a nice hotel near the airport." 空港の近くに素敵なホテルがあります
"There's an big game on TV tonight!"
"There isn't a parking lot close to the stadium so I't's better take the bus."
We use There is... with uncountable nouns:
"There is some paper in the photocopier."

Plural examples:
"There are 4 students waiting in your office." あなたのオフィスで待っている4学生があります。
"There are many ways to solve this problem."
"There aren't many cafes near my office so I always bring coffee from home."

Asking questions ~

"Are there many people in your office?"
"Is there a cafeteria at your school?"

We use Is there...? with uncountable nouns:
"Is there any coffee left?"

*Make some example sentences talking about things around your office, school or neighborhood practicing there is and there are. Ask questions too!

Use - 2 meanings, 2 pronunciations - 使う and 用途

USE can be a verb or a noun and the pronunciation is slightly different.  Look at these examples:

The word 'USE' can be a verb (使う) ~ "May I use your telephone? I have to call my Mom." The verb form has a Z (zee) sound at the end. YOUZ


The word 'USE' can also be a noun (用途) ~ "Studying English is a great use of your time." The noun form has an S (ess) sound at the end. YOUS

Listen to the English audio below:

To For So

Learn how to use 'TO' 'FOR' and 'SO' in natural conversation.

CLICK the image!

CLICK the image for the presentation!

Use 'IF' correctly in English!!! (英語の文法)

IF is a conditional clause in English. This means that one action will/may happen as a result (on the condition) of another action or other actions.

IF can come after the main action:

"I will get a cavity if I eat sweets."

甘い物を食べたら虫歯になる。

"I would be happy if I could see you."

私はあなたに会えたら嬉しい。

“I will go to Hawaii if I can find a cheap hotel.”

Or it can start a sentence and end with the main action:

 “If I can find a cheap hotel I will go to Hawaii.”

I will go to Hawaii if I can find a cheap hotel. – The main action is ‘go to Hawaii,’ but this action can only happen as a result of ‘finding a cheap hotel.’ (On the condition of finding a cheap hotel)

"I would eat this ice cream if I wasn't on a diet!"

"If I eat this ice cream I'll regret it tomorrow."

"I don't get sick of ice cream even if I eat it every day."

私はアイスを毎日食べても飽きません。

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英語の文法 "not as … as" ~ Toronto is not as big as Tokyo.

Toronto is not as big as Tokyo.

トロントは、東京ほど大きくありません。

Here is the basic grammar of the sentence ~

A NOUN (名詞) is not as adjective/adverb (形容詞/副詞) as NOUN (名詞)

We use not as … as to make comparisons between things which aren’t equal:

"I was not as strong as my father."
私は私の父ほど強くなかった。

"I am not as smart as her."

私は彼女ほど頭がよくない。

"Michael J. Fox is not as tall as Daniel Craig."

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

We use as + adjective/adverb + as to make comparisons when the things we are comparing are equal in some way:

"This is more than twice as big as that."
これはあれの2倍以上大きい。

"The weather this summer is as bad as last year. It hasn’t stopped raining for weeks."

"Please open the box as carefully as you can. It’s very fragile."
fragile = 壊れやすい

As much/many as - I don't have as much money as Bill Gates!

as much as = The same quantity as
I have as much as you. 私は君と同じだけもっている.

"His coworkers also worked overtime but not as much as him."

よくある間違いです Common Mistake - I had dinner NOT I had a dinner

"I had dinner." CORRECT

"I had a dinner." NG

With meals we rarely use the article "a" unless we use an adjective (形容詞) to describe the meal. For example:

"I had a big dinner." CORRECT

Look at these examples:
"Are you hungry? Do you wanna get lunch?"
NOT
"Do you wanna get a lunch."
NOTE "Get some lunch" is also natural.

"I ate breakfast at the new restaurant on Main street."
NOT
"I ate a breakfast at the new restaurant on Main street."

"At the Japanese inn (旅館) I ate a delicious dinner and then I relaxed in the hot spring (温泉) for an hour and a half."

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